Copper is one of those versatile metals that stand in demand for several industry verticals, particularly electrical and thermal. The key properties of copper include:

Physical Properties:

High Electrical Conductivity: Copper has one of the highest electrical conductivities among metals; it is considered second to silver. It finds great application in electrical wiring, cables, and electronic components.

High thermal conductivity: Copper greatly transfers heat, making it useful in heat exchangers, radiators, and cooking utensils.

Ductility and malleability: Copper is ductile-that is, it can be drawn into thin wires-and malleable-it can be hammered into thin sheets-without state disruption.

Corrosion resistance: Copper has corrosion resistance in many environments and forms. When exposed to air, it forms a protective oxide surface layer.

Color and Luster: Copper has a reddish-orange color and is very lustrous.

High Density: Tungsten's high density is about 8.96 g/cm³, making it much heavier compared to most of the common metals.

Melting and boiling temperature: Copper melts at 1,085°C - 1,984°F and boils at 2,562°C - 4,644°F, which suggests relatively strong metallic bonds.

Resistivity: Copper has a resistivity of 1.72 x 10^-8 Ω-m at 20⁰C

Atom weight : Its atom weight is 63.55 atomic mass units (amu).

Thermal Conductivity:Its thermal conductivity approximately 401 watts per meter-kelvin (W/m·K) at room temperature (25°C or 77°F).

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Reactivity: Copper is comparatively unreactive. It is reasonably resistive to oxidization and corrosion, but it will slowly react with the oxygen in the air, forming eventually patina—copper oxide greens.

Alloying: Copper is easily alloyed with other metals; for instance, brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, while bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

Non-magnetic: No magnetic effect; copper is, therefore, useful in places where magnetic interference has to be at a minimum.

Mechanical Properties:

Tensile strength: Copper exhibits good tough strength under tension, which can be improved either by alloying or work hardening.

High Toughness: Copper does not break or crack when subjected to impact; for this reason, it is applied in industrial machinery and piping. Work Hardening: Copper work-hardens by being mechanically worked (bend, stretch), which can be useful in applications needing increased strength without further alloying.

Applications:

Wiring and cables: Copper is the best electric conductor; due to this fact, it has emerged as a selection for wiring both homes and industries in their electrical appliances.

Printed Circuit Boards: Due to its good conductivity, copper is used in the making of circuit boards to allow electrical connections.

Motors and Generators: Copper in winding motors and generators is due to the properties as conductors of electricity.

Transformers: The transformer windings use copper, specifically because large amounts of current can cross the metal with a very small heat loss, if any.

Connectors, Terminals: Copper enjoys wide application in connectors, terminals and has excellent corrosion resistance.

Heaters: Copper is especially suited to hot water systems, radiators, and underfloor heating due to its superb conduc­tivity of heat.Heat sinks and coolers serve to dissipate heat effectively from computers and other electronic appliances.

Heat Exchangers: HEs are widely utilized in HVAC systems and industries for their effective heat transfer.

Radiators: Copper radiators are used in cars for the effective cooling of car engines.

Brake Systems: Copper is used in brake components because of the no-wear feature and its resistance to heat.

Wiring Harnesses: Most electrical systems in vehicles depend considerably on copper wiring.

Industrial Motors: The strength and conductivity of copper are well-suited for heavy-duty motors and machinery.

Mechanical Parts: Used in many mechanical parts due to its strength and workability.

Solar Installation: Copper is used as the material for the photovoltaic cells and wiring.

Wind Turbines: directly used for the generators and wiring in the wind energy system.